The Ranomafana National Park is one of Madagascar’s natural jewels. Nestled in the heart of the island’s southeast, in the Fianarantsoa region, this tropical park attracts thousands of visitors each year for its exceptional biological richness, lush landscapes, and mystical atmosphere. Ranomafana, which literally means “hot water,” takes its name from the thermal springs that flow in the area — a symbol of generous and living nature.
General Overview
Created in 1991, the park covers more than 41,600 hectares of mid-altitude rainforest. It is part of the Rainforests of the Atsinanana Network, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This area is of vital ecological importance, as it shelters endemic species found nowhere else on the planet.
Ranomafana is also a model of ecotourism in Madagascar. The NGO ANGAP (now MNP – Madagascar National Parks) has done exemplary conservation work here while involving local communities in the sustainable management of the site.
An Exceptional Biodiversity
The park is known for its incredibly rich fauna and flora.
It includes:
- More than 12 species of lemurs, including the famous golden bamboo lemur (Hapalemur aureus), discovered in Ranomafana in 1986.
- Over 100 species of birds, several of which are endemic, such as the ground roller and Pollen’s vanga.
- Rare reptiles, amphibians, butterflies, and orchids, which delight biologists and photographers alike.
The lush vegetation — giant ferns, palms, pandanus, trees covered with mosses and lichens — gives the park an almost magical atmosphere, especially when the morning mist envelops the forest.
Activities and Trails
Ranomafana offers several hiking circuits suitable for all levels:
- Varibolomena Circuit (2h to 3h): ideal for a first exploration.
- Sahamalaotra Circuit (4h to 6h): great for observing lemurs and a wide variety of birds.
- Vohiparara Circuit (full day): crosses the primary forest and offers a complete overview of the park’s biodiversity.
- Night walks: a must-do experience to observe nocturnal species, especially small lemurs and chameleons.
Besides hiking, visitors can also enjoy the natural hot springs near the village of Ranomafana — perfect for relaxing after a day of exploration.
Access and Accommodation
The park is located about 65 km northeast of Fianarantsoa, along National Road RN25.
Access is mainly by road from Antsirabe or Fianarantsoa. The journey may be long, but the landscapes of green hills and terraced rice fields make it worthwhile.
Accommodation options include:
- Eco-friendly hotels near the park entrance, such as Setam Lodge or Thermal Hotel.
- Community lodges and guesthouses offering an immersive local experience.
Conservation and Ecological Challenges
Ranomafana is not only a tourist site — it is also a major scientific research center. The Centre ValBio, founded by primatologist Patricia Wright, conducts studies on fauna, flora, and ecosystem preservation.
The main threats facing the park are:
- Deforestation linked to slash-and-burn agriculture (tavy),
- Illegal hunting,
- and population pressure from surrounding villages.
Despite these challenges, the joint efforts of authorities, researchers, and local communities allow the park to remain a strong symbol of conservation in Madagascar.
Practical Tips for Visitors
- Best period: from April to December (dry season).
- Recommended equipment: hiking shoes, light rain jacket, binoculars, and headlamp.
- Local guides: mandatory but also essential to fully enjoy the visit and spot species.
- Respect nature: stay on marked trails, do not pick plants, and do not feed animals.
How to Get There
Summary
The Ranomafana National Park is a concentration of life, greenery, and emotion. It offers a scientific, human, and spiritual experience that reminds visitors of the beauty and fragility of Madagascar’s natural heritage. Between the hot water, the mist, the birdsongs, and the silhouettes of lemurs among the trees, Ranomafana remains an unforgettable place for everyone who visits it.